34 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
25, 1913, Secretary of State Knox certified that this amendment had become a part of the Con-
stitution. 37 Stat. 1785.
The several state legislatures ratified the Sixteenth Amendment on the following dates:
Alabama, August 10, 1909; Kentucky, February 8, 1910; South Carolina, February 19, 1910;
Illinois, March 1, 1910; Mississippi, March 7, 1910; Oklahoma, March 10, 1910; Maryland,
April 8, 1910; Georgia, August 3, 1910; Texas, August 16, 1910; Ohio, January 19, 1911; Idaho,
January 20, 1911; Oregon, January 23, 1911; Washington, January 26, 1911; Montana, Janu-
ary 27, 1911; Indiana, January 30, 1911; California, January 31, 1911; Nevada, January 31,
1911; South Dakota, February 1, 1911; Nebraska, February 9, 1911; North Carolina, February
11, 1911; Colorado, February 15, 1911; North Dakota, February 17, 1911; Michigan, February
23, 1911; Iowa, February 24, 1911; Kansas, March 2, 1911; Missouri, March 16, 1911; Maine,
March 31, 1911; Tennessee, April 7, 1911; Arkansas, April 22, 1911 (after having rejected the
amendment at the session begun January 9, 1911); Wisconsin, May 16, 1911; New York, July
12, 1911; Arizona, April 3, 1912; Minnesota, June 11, 1912; Louisiana, June 28, 1912; West
Virginia, January 31, 1913; Delaware, February 3, 1913; Wyoming, February 3, 1913; New
Mexico, February 3, 1913; New Jersey, February 4, 1913; Vermont, February 19, 1913; Massa-
chusetts, March 4, 1913; New Hampshire, March 7, 1913 (after having rejected the amendment
on March 2, 1911). The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by Connecti-
cut, Rhode Island, and Utah.
9
The Seventeenth Amendment was proposed by Congress on May 13, 1912, when it passed
the House, 48 Cong. Rec. (62d Cong., 2d Sess.) 6367, having previously passed the Senate on
June 12, 1911. 47 Cong. Rec. (62d Cong., 1st Sess.) 1925. It appears officially in 37 Stat. 646.
Ratification was completed on April 8, 1913, when the thirty-sixth State (Connecticut) approved
the amendment, there being then 48 States in the Union. On May 31, 1913, Secretary of State
Bryan certified that it had become a part of the Constitution. 38 Stat 2049.
The several state legislatures ratified the Seventeenth Amendment on the following dates:
Massachusetts, May 22, 1912; Arizona, June 3, 1912; Minnesota, June 10, 1912; New York,
January 15, 1913; Kansas, January 17, 1913; Oregon, January 23, 1913; North Carolina, Janu-
ary 25, 1913; California, January 28, 1913; Michigan, January 28, 1913; Iowa, January 30,
1913; Montana, January 30, 1913; Idaho, January 31, 1913; West Virginia, February 4, 1913;
Colorado, February 5, 1913; Nevada, February 6, 1913; Texas, February 7, 1913; Washington,
February 7, 1913; Wyoming, February 8, 1913; Arkansas, February 11, 1913; Illinois, February
13, 1913; North Dakota, February 14, 1913; Wisconsin, February 18, 1913; Indiana, February
19, 1913; New Hampshire, February 19, 1913; Vermont, February 19, 1913; South Dakota, Feb-
ruary 19, 1913; Maine, February 20, 1913; Oklahoma, February 24, 1913; Ohio, February 25,
1913; Missouri, March 7, 1913; New Mexico, March 13, 1913; Nebraska, March 14, 1913; New
Jersey, March 17, 1913; Tennessee, April 1, 1913; Pennsylvania, April 2, 1913; Connecticut,
April 8, 1913; Louisiana, June 5, 1914. The amendment was rejected by Utah on February 26,
1913.
among the several States, and without regard to any census or
enumeration.
A
MENDMENT
[XVII.]
9
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two
Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six
years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in
each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of
the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.
When vacancies happen in the representation of any State
in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue